日本語の練習シート: 学期中試験
文法(Bunpou) Grammar:
① N1 の N2: Use to describe N2
Look at ⑥’s review part. It just modifies.
1. 妹のまりはやさしいです。
My younger sister,
Mari, is kind.
2.兄のダンは銀行にはたらいています。
My older brother,
Dan, is working in a bank.
② ~しか+negative predicate
Damn. This is hard to really say without knowing Dake. Dake= Only. Shika,
nothing but...
Shika= use a negative verb as well. (DOUBLE NEGATIVE IN JAPANESE IS
TOTALLY FINE)
So I'll show the use of Dake and Shika.
Shika/Dake
|
Japanese
|
English
|
Dake(Only)
|
私だけ行きました。
|
Only I went.
|
Shika (Nothing but)
|
私しかいきませんでした。
|
Nobody but I went.
|
They have the same meaning basically.^
1. 姉だけようちえんをかよった。
My older sister only
went to Kindergarten.
2. 姉しかようちえんをかよわなかった。
Nobody but my older
sister went to Kindergarten.
For more :3
③ oo-form (mashou informal) Let's do V1
Ohhh~ I love this. But this gets confusing. How many of you actually know
the difference btwn G1 and G2 verbs? Not me. G1 follows Nomimasu rules, G2
follows Tabemasu rules :3
Dictionary Form
|
OO-Form.
|
|
Following Nomimasu (G1)
|
のむ (To drink)
かう (To buy)
あそぶ (To play)
まつ (To wait)
はなす (To speak)
かく (To write)
|
のもう (Let's drink)
かおう (Let's buy)
あそぼう (Let's play)
まとう (Let's wait)
はなそう (Let's speak)
かこう (Let's write)
|
Following Tabemasu (G2)
|
たべる (To eat)
みる (To see)
|
たべよう (Let's eat)
みよう (Let's see)
|
Irregular
|
する (To do)
くる (To come)
|
しよう (Let's do)
こよう (Let's come)
|
1. いっしょにかえろう。
Let's return
together. (Such a common shoujo anime statement -////-)
2. 宿題をしよう。
Let's do homework.
④N1というN2. N1 is specific and N2 is the general category
1.「けいおう」というの日本の私立大学はいいのがっこうです。
The Japanese Private
University called Keio University is a good school.
⑤N1とかN2(とか):Used to give examples. Things such as N1 and N2. Among others.
1.ももとかりんごとかなしとかがすきです。
I like peaches,
apples, pears, among others.
2.たいわんとか日本をいってみたいです。
I want to go to Taiwan
and Japan.
⑥
Review: How to modify a noun
Part of Speech
|
How to Modify a noun
|
Noun
|
N1 +の+N2 (Let N1 be the noun
modifying N2)
|
I-Adj
|
I-adj +Noun
|
Na-Adj
|
Na-adj +な+ Noun
|
Pre-Nominative (Kono,Sono, etc.)
|
Pre-Nominative + Noun
|
Verbs
|
Plain-form+ Noun
|
Note: Heiwa(peace is a noun in Japanese but it also means
peaceful as a Na-verb)
*Review: How to conjugate into plain
form
What is plain form? Dictionary Form, Nai-Form, Ta-Form,
Nakatta-Form
Dictionary-Form
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Nai-Form
|
Ta- Form
|
Nakatta-Form
|
|
行きます
This is a verb and should be easy
for you.
|
行く
|
行かない
|
行った
|
行かなかった
|
たのしいです
This is an "i"-adj. The
"i" turns to a "k(vowel)" sound depending on what form,
after the dictionary form.... which is just drop "desu"
|
たのしい
|
たのしくない
|
たのしかった
|
たのしくなかった
|
きれいです
This is a "na" adj. I like
to say that the desu turns into a da because na-verbs are annoying thus ugly
to the eye so you must have a cover to cover the ugliness," da" (If
that makes any sense). And since it is not a "i" adj.And use datta
for ta-forms... And the sound Ja as an cover for negation.
|
きれいだ
|
きれいじゃない きれいではない
|
きれいだった
|
きれいじゃなかった
|
⑥ Plain Form Verb +時(とき): The time when (V), ...
Ms. Kawamoto said that "了" is the best way to
say express this to the Chinese speakers.
Present:
Japanese:食事(しょくじ)をする時に、「いただきます」をと言う。
Chinese: (吃飯時,要說 「Itadakimasu」。)
English: When we eat, we say "Itadakimasu".
Past:
Japanese: 食事(しょくじ)をした時に、「ごちそうさま」をと言う。
Chinese: 吃完飯了,要說 「Gochisousama」。
English: When we ate, we say "Gochisousama".
⑦How to use Adj. +時(とき): The time when N1 was adj....
Basically the same rules as ④.
Na-adj: ... Na-adj+な+時(とき)...
I-adj: I-adj + +時(とき)...
漢字(Kanji) Yeah if you don't know it just write it all over this white space
below. More phrases are below.
漢字:English translation: Reading(s)
漢:China (Han
Dynasty) : Kan
字:Character;
writing : Ji
姉:Elder
Sister : Ane/ Ne
妹:Little
Sister: Imouto
兄:Elder
Brother: Ani/ Ni
弟:Little
Brother: Otouto
昼:Daytime:
Hiru
明:Aka(rui):
Bright
去:Kyo: Past
銀:Silver: Gin
仕:To serve:
shi
公: Public:
Kou 1. Kouritsu:
Public 2.Kouen: Park 3. Koushi: Public and Private
文:Sentence: Bun 1. Bungaku:
Literature 2. Bunpou: Grammar 3. Sakubun: Essay
化:to take form of : Ka/ke 1. Kagaku:
Chemistry 2.Bunka: Culture 3.Okeshou wo suru: To apply make up
花:Flower: Hana 1. Hanabi: Fireworks 2. Hanami:
Flower viewing 3. Hanaya: Flower store
4.Hana Matsuri: Flower Festival
海:Ocean/Sea/Beach: Umi/Kai 1.Kaigai:
Overseas 2.Nihonkai: Sea of Japan 3.Hokkaidou: Hokkaidou (Northern Island of Japan)
旅:Travel: Ryo 1.Ryokou:
Travel/Trip 2.Kaigai Ryokou: Oversea travel 3. Shuugaku Ryokou: Study tour
教:To teach: Oshi(eru)/ Kyou 1. Kyoushitsu: Classroom 2.Kyoukasho: Textbook 3.Kyoukai: Church
室:Room: Shitsu 1. Kyoushitsu:
Classroom 2. Jishitsu: Own room 3. Washitsu: Japanese
Styled Room
後:After/Behind: Ato/Ushiro/Go 1.Saigo:
Last 2.Houkago: Afterschool 3.
Gogo: Afternoon
午:Noon: Go 1.Gozen: AM 2. Gogo: PM 3. Dango: Boy's day (Holiday-May 5th)
着:To wear or to arrive: Ki(ru)/Tsu(ku) 1.Fuku wo Kimasu: to wear clothes 2.
Kimono: Traditional Japanese robes 3. Gakkou ni tsukimasu: To arrive at school
知:To get to know : Shi(ru) 1. Shirase: Notice 2. Shiteimasuka:
Do you know? 3. Shirimasen/Shiranai: IDK
漢字(かんじ)Chinese Characters
お姉さん(おねえさん)Other's Older sister
お兄さん(おにいさん)Other's Older brother
兄弟 (きょうだい)Siblings
朝食(ちょうしょく)Breakfast (Mature)
昼食(ちゅうしょく)Lunch (Mature) Btw think, 中, ( chuu
or naka meaning middle) cuz lunch is middle of the day.
明日 (あした)Tomorrow
去年(きょねん)Last Year
銀行(ぎんこう)Bank
仕事(しごと) Job
公立(こうりつ)Public
文化 (ぶんか)Culture
文学(ぶんがく)Literature
化学(かがく)Chemistry
化しょうする(けしょうする)To put on
Make Up
花屋(はなや)Flower Store
海外(かいがい)Overseas
旅行(りょこう)Traveling
教室(きょうしつ)Classroom
教科書(きょうかしょ)Textbook →we never learned this in kanji
so beware.
ほうか後(ほうかご)Afterschool
午前 (ごぜん)AM
午後(ごご)PM
着る(きる)To wear
学校を着く (がっこうをつく)To go to
school
知りません (しりません)IDK
単語(Tango) Vocab:
Peace: へいわ:平和
(Also an era in Japan. Heiwa period :3 Supposedly peaceful)
Private:しりつ:私立
Public:こうりつ:公立
Boy's School:だんしこう:男子校
Girl's School:じょしこう:女子校 (JK=Joushi Kou)
Co-educational:(だんじょ)きょうがく:(男女)共学
Education:きょういく:教育
Tuition:じゅぎょうりょう:授業料: ( Jyugyou means class too....)
Grass:くさ:草
Lawn:しばふ:芝生
To Commute:かよう:通う:
(Commuting is kayotteimasu)
Event:ぎょうじ:行事
After school:ほうかご:放課後: (Literal meaning is "After release from class")
Club Activity:ぶかつ:部活
(Go home club is Kiraku-bu. Bu= club :3)
Kendo:けんどう:
Cram School:じゅく:塾
Allowance:(お)こづかい:(お)小遣い
To study abroad:りゆうがくをする:留学する
To do (informal):やる
To perm:パーマをかける
To apply make-up:(お)けしょうをする:(お)化粧をする
To remove:ぬぐ(脱ぐ)
To change: (Look at the grammar point)かえる:替える
Bullying:いじめ:
(I think of Ijiwaru=evil. Both have negative connotation )
Gun:じゅう:銃:
Drugs:まやく:麻薬
(weirdly means anesthetics in Chinese)
Cheating:カンニング:
Cunning
Almost:ほとんど
Point:ところ:所:
(AKA Place. Basho works as well.)
Semester:がっき:学期
Graduation Ceremony:そつぎょうしき:卒業式
Culture:ぶんか:文化
Overseas travel:かいがいりょうこう:海外旅行
To quit/ discontinue:やめる:止める
Proverb:ことわざ
My grandfather:祖父(そふ)
My grandmother:祖母(そぼ)
My uncle:叔父(おじ)
My aunt:叔母(おば)
Kindergarten:幼稚園(ようちえん)
Physics:物理(ぶつり)
Chemistry:化学(かがく)
Literature:文学(ぶんがく)
History:歴史(れきし)
To graduate:卒業をする(そつぎょうをする)
To major in:専攻をする(せんこうをする)
It is I (not you):こちらこそ
(leaving home for the day):行って来ます
(seeing off a person for the day):行ってらっしゃい
I'm home:ただいま
Welcome home:おかえりなさい
Good night:おやすみ
Excuse me for doing something first:お先に(おさくに)
Excuse me:しつれいします
I'm sorry for being rude:しつれいしました
Carrot:人参(にんじん)
Breakfast(formal):朝食(ちょうしょく)
Lunch (formal):昼食(ちゅうしょく)
Dinner (formal):夕食(ゆうしょく)
To change:変える(かえる)
To use:使う(つかう)
今、僕は東京の私立の男女共学の高校に留学している。
Right now, I am in a Tokyo Private Co-educational high school to study abroad.
戸田高校という学校だ。
The school is called Toda High School.
授業料はアメリカの高校ほどたくない。
The tuition compared to America is not expensive.
この学校はアメリカの学校よりずっとせまい。
This school is much smaller than American schools.
(semai=narrow/smaller)
木とか花とか草とか緑
少ない。
There are fewer trees, flowers, and grass.
芝生もほとんどない。
There's almost nothing of a lawn.
この学校には制服があって、僕も制服を着て、学校へ通っている。
There's a uniform in the school and I also wear it
while attending school.
自動車で学校へ通う生徒はいなくて、ほとんど電車やバスなどで通っている。
There's no students who commute by the car and instead
mostly by bus or train.
この学校の規則はきびしくて、女子生徒はパーマをかけたり、化粧をしたりしてはいけない。
The school's rules are strict. Female students cannot
perm or put on make-up.
学校に着いて建物の中に入る時、外の靴を脱いで、中の靴にはきかえなくてはいけない。
When you arrive inside the building, you must remove
the outside shoes and put on indoor shoes. (Tatemono=building/nuide=to remove)
日本の学校は四月に始まって、三月に終わる。
Japanese schools start in April and end in March.
三学期あって、入学式とか卒業式とか式が多い。
During the third semester, there's the entrance
ceremony, graduation ceremony, among many other ceremonies.
学校の行事は運動会とか文化祭とか修学旅行とかいろいろある。
The school has many events such as sports fair,
cultural festival, school trips and many more.
この学校では高二の時に修学旅行として海外旅行をする。
During the second year of this school, the study trip
is as an oversea travel trip.
学校が終わった時、生徒は教室とかトイレとか掃除しなければならない。
When school ends, students must clean the classroom and
toilets.
放課後、部活をする生徒も多い。
Afterschool, a lot of students have club.
塾に通う生徒もいる。
There's also students who go to cram school.
僕は一学期にテニス部に入っていたけど、やめて、二学期から剣道をやっている。
During the first semester, I joined tennis but stop
and during second semester did kendo.
日本の文化が分かっておもしろい。
It is interesting to understand Japan's culture.
日本の学校にもいじめとかいろいろ問題があるけど、アメリカの銃や麻薬の問題にくらべたら、とても平和な場所だと思う。
In Japanese schools, bullying is a common
problem, but compared to American school's
gun and drug problem, it is a rather peaceful place.
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