kitty talk..lol
my friend gave me the idea... though sorry i never ask if i could put a comic i made as a study sheet..
well this marks the 1st french review sheet so...
Wednesday, February 29, 2012
Issue 9:Nyan EDU:// kitty talk : France Telephone
drewn/ made by miyume.. also ume was also short for miyume...though different characters... (heh.. bit of japanese/ bit of france)
kitty talk..lol
my friend gave me the idea... though sorry i never ask if i could put a comic i made as a study sheet..
well this marks the 1st french review sheet so...
kitty talk..lol
my friend gave me the idea... though sorry i never ask if i could put a comic i made as a study sheet..
well this marks the 1st french review sheet so...
Friday, February 24, 2012
Friday, February 17, 2012
Thursday, February 16, 2012
Project Review
This is projecct Review... I just calculated and that is already 46 hours of work ....O.o...that is a lot of work already...Let us keep up the good work
^ ^ ""
=( > . < )=
o o
^ ^ ""
=( > . < )=
o o
Wednesday, February 15, 2012
Tuesday, February 14, 2012
PLEASE REGISTER AND COMMENT...
Like what else do I need to improve this site.
And upcoming issues includes:
-More Geometry
-More Earth Science
-More Social Studies of Grade 8
New Subjects include:
-French Grade 7
-French Grade 8
-Social Studies of Grade 7
Please give me and Em the credit for our work
-Miyu-Chan
PS. Happy Valentine's Day
Did you receive anything? I didn't so if you didn't....it's okay. :D here... <3
And upcoming issues includes:
-More Geometry
-More Earth Science
-More Social Studies of Grade 8
New Subjects include:
-French Grade 7
-French Grade 8
-Social Studies of Grade 7
Please give me and Em the credit for our work
-Miyu-Chan
PS. Happy Valentine's Day
Did you receive anything? I didn't so if you didn't....it's okay. :D here... <3
Monday, February 13, 2012
Issue 8 Math Quiz Logic
2.13.12 ISSUE 8: Math Quiz//Logic
Made By: Miyu Em {@}>;--
Logic is the study of reasoning
Mathematical Sentence: A sentence is a sentence that contains a complete thought and can be judged to be true and false
Phrase: An expression that is part of a sentence
Open Sentence: Any sentence that contains a variable
Domain/ Replacement Set: Set of numbers that can replace a variable
Solution Set/ True Set: Set of all replacement that will change an open sentence or true sentence
Statement/ Close Sentence: A sentence that can be judged to be true or false
Truth Value: A close sentence has this. Either True or False
Negation: Statement with an opposite truth value of an given statement
Compound Sentence: A combination of two or more mathematical sentences formed by using the connectives not, and, or, if...then, or if and only if.
Conjunction: A compound statement formed by combining two simple statements, called conjuncts, with the word AND. The conjunction is usually formed by using the symbols
p ^ q.
Disjunction: A compound statement formed by combining two simple statements, called disjuncts, with the word OR. The disjunction is usually formed by using the symbols p v q.
Truth Table: A summary of all possible truth values of a logic statement.
Conditional: A compound statement formed by using the words if...then to combine two simple statements. The conditional if p then q is writing symbolically as p --> q.
Hypothesis/Premise/ Antecedent: an assertion that begins an argument. The hypothesis usually follows the word if.
Conclusion/ Consequent: An ending or a sentence that closes the argument. The conclusion usually follow the word then.
Tautology: Statement that is always true
Contradiction: A statement that is always false
Beginning with a statement (p→q), the inverse (~p→~q)is formed by negating the hypothesis and negating the conclusion.
Beginning with the statement (p→q), the converse (q→p) is formed by interchanging the hypothesis and the conclusion
Beginning with the statement (p→q), then the contrapositive (~q→ ~p), formed by interchanging the resulting negation.
Two statements are logically equivalent-or logical equivalents- if they always have the truth value.
A biconditional (p↔q) is a compound statement formed by the conjunction of the conditional p→q and its converse q→p.
A valid argument uses a series of statements called premises that have known truth value to arrive at a conclusion.
The Law of Detachment states that when p→q is true and p is true, then q must be true.
The Law of Disjunctive Inference states that when p۷q is true and p is false, then q is true.
Made By: Miyu Em {@}>;--
Logic is the study of reasoning
Mathematical Sentence: A sentence is a sentence that contains a complete thought and can be judged to be true and false
Phrase: An expression that is part of a sentence
Open Sentence: Any sentence that contains a variable
Domain/ Replacement Set: Set of numbers that can replace a variable
Solution Set/ True Set: Set of all replacement that will change an open sentence or true sentence
Statement/ Close Sentence: A sentence that can be judged to be true or false
Truth Value: A close sentence has this. Either True or False
Negation: Statement with an opposite truth value of an given statement
Compound Sentence: A combination of two or more mathematical sentences formed by using the connectives not, and, or, if...then, or if and only if.
Conjunction: A compound statement formed by combining two simple statements, called conjuncts, with the word AND. The conjunction is usually formed by using the symbols
p ^ q.
Disjunction: A compound statement formed by combining two simple statements, called disjuncts, with the word OR. The disjunction is usually formed by using the symbols p v q.
Truth Table: A summary of all possible truth values of a logic statement.
Conditional: A compound statement formed by using the words if...then to combine two simple statements. The conditional if p then q is writing symbolically as p --> q.
Hypothesis/Premise/ Antecedent: an assertion that begins an argument. The hypothesis usually follows the word if.
Conclusion/ Consequent: An ending or a sentence that closes the argument. The conclusion usually follow the word then.
Tautology: Statement that is always true
Contradiction: A statement that is always false
Beginning with a statement (p→q), the inverse (~p→~q)is formed by negating the hypothesis and negating the conclusion.
Beginning with the statement (p→q), the converse (q→p) is formed by interchanging the hypothesis and the conclusion
Beginning with the statement (p→q), then the contrapositive (~q→ ~p), formed by interchanging the resulting negation.
Two statements are logically equivalent-or logical equivalents- if they always have the truth value.
A biconditional (p↔q) is a compound statement formed by the conjunction of the conditional p→q and its converse q→p.
A valid argument uses a series of statements called premises that have known truth value to arrive at a conclusion.
The Law of Detachment states that when p→q is true and p is true, then q must be true.
The Law of Disjunctive Inference states that when p۷q is true and p is false, then q is true.
moving nyan cat :D
Orginal Cover by Hatsune Mikuhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9-39wkO2ofM&feature=related
Cover by Seeu (Korean Vocaloid) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kx6wZGPsyw0
Gumi Cover: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LAHrDjWqwPI
Sushi Animation http://www.youtube.com/watchv=68slZU0j6Lc&feature=results_main&playnext=1&list=PL52DFEAC5DF25B721
Issue 7: Science//Rocks and Minerals
https://docs.google.com/document/d/12Z2TuETCT-TRi89b7uHPwyYIc2OxbKH37ozWtSHxCdg/edit
2.12.12 ISSUE 7: SCIENCE TEST!!!
Made By: Miyu, Em
ROCKS AND MINERALS!!!
Matter: Anything that has mass and takes up space
Element: a substance that cannot be separated or broken down into simpler substances by chemical means, all atoms of an element have the same atomic number.
Atom: the smallest unit of an element that maintains the chemical properties of that element.
Proton: a subatomic particle that has a positive charge and that is located in the nucleus of an atom; the number of protons of the nucleus is the atomic number, which determines the identity of an element.
Electron: a subatomic particle that has a negative charge
Neutron: a subatomic particle that has no charge and that is located in the nucleus of an atom
Isotope: an atom that has the same number of protons (or the same atomic number) but that has a different number of neutrons(and thus a different atomic mass)
Compound: a substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds.
Molecule: a group of atoms that are held together by chemical forces; a molecule is the smallest unit of matter that can exist by itself and retain all of a substance’s chemical properties
Ion: An atom or molecule that has gained or lost one or more electrons and has a negative or positive charge
Ionic Bond: the attractive force between oppositely charged ions, which form when electrons are transferred from one atom or molecule to another
Covalent Bond: a bond formed when atoms share one or more pairs of electrons
Mixture: a combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined
Solution: a mixture that is a uniform blend of two substances, having the same composition and properties throughout
Mineral: a natural, usually inorganic solid that has a characteristic chemical composition, an orderly internal structure, and a characteristic set of physical properties
Rock forming minerals: the common minerals that form the rocks that make up the earth’s crust
Silicate mineral: a mineral that contains a combination of silicon and oxygen, and that may also contain one or more metals
Nonsilicate mineral: a mineral that does not contain compounds of silicon and oxygen, the six major groups of nonsilicate minerals are carbonates, halides, native elements, oxides, sulfates, and sulfides
Crystal: a solid whose atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a regular, repeating pattern
Silicon-Oxygen tetrahedron: the basic unit of the structure of silicate minerals; a silicon ion chemically bonded to and surrounded by four oxygen ions
Isolated Tetrahedra: in minerals that have isolated tetrahedra only have atoms other than silicon and oxygen atoms link silicon-oxygen tetrahedra
Ring silicates: form when shared oxygen atoms join the tetrahedra to form three,four, or six sided rings
Single- Chain silicates: each tetrahedron is bonded to two others by shared oxygen atoms
Double-Chained silicates: two single chains of tetrahedra bond to each other
Pyroxenes: most single-chain silicate minerals are called pyroxenes
Amphiboles: Most double-chain silicate minerals are called amphiboles
Sheet silicates: each tetrahedron shares three oxygen atoms with other tetrahedra
Framework silicates: each tetrahedron is bonded to four neighboring tetrahedra to form a 3-D network
Closest Packing: in this crystal structure, each metal atom is surrounded by 8 to 12 other metal atoms that are as close to each other as the charges of the atomic nuclei will allow
Color: one of the properties used to identify a mineral but not the most reliable
Streak: the color of a mineral in powdered form
Luster: the way in which a mineral reflects light
Metallic Luster: if the mineral reflects light as a polished metal does
Nonmetallic Luster: are all the other minerals that don’t reflect light as a polished metal does
Cleavage: the tendency of a mineral to split along specific planes of weakness to form smooth, flat surfaces
Fracture: the manner in which a mineral breaks along either curved or irregular surfaces
Splintery or Fibrous fracture: a broken surface that looks like a piece of broken wood
Conchoidal Fractures: Curved surfaces
Hardness: the measure of the ability of a mineral to resist scratching
Mohs hardness scale: the standard scale against which the hardness of minerals is rated
Density: the ratio of the mass of a substance to the volume of the substance
Fluorescence: the ability to glow under ultraviolet light
Phosphorescence: when subjected to ultraviolet light, some minerals will continue to glow after the ultraviolet light is turned off
Chatoyancy: in reflected light, some minerals display a silky appearance
Asterism: the phenomenon in which a six-sided star shape appears when a mineral reflects light
Radioactivity: the arrangement of protons and neutrons in the nuclei of some atoms is unstable
Rock Cycle: The series of processes in which rock forms, changes from one type to another, is destroyed, and forms again by geological process
Bowen’s Reaction Series: The simplifies pattern that illustrates the order in which minerals crystallize from cooling magma according to their chemical composition and melting point
Igneous Rock: Rocks that from when magma cools and solidifies
Partial Melting: Process by which different minerals in rock melt at different temperatures
Fractional Crystallization: The crystallization and removal of different minerals from the cooling magma
Intrusive Igneous Rock: Rock formed from the cooling and solidification of magma beneath Earth’s surface
Extrusive Igneous Rock: Rock that forms from the cooling and solidification of lava at Earth’s surface
Felsic: Magma or igneous rock that is rich in feldspars and silica and that is generally light in color
Mafic: Magma or igneous rock that is rich in iron and magnesium and that is generally dark in color
Compaction: The process in which the volume and porosity of a sediment is decreased by the weight of overlying sediments as a result of burial beneath other sediments
Cementation: The process in which minerals precipitate into pore spaces between sediment grains and bind sediments to form rock
Chemical Sedimentary Rock: Sedimentary Rock that forms when fragments of preexisting rocks are compacted or cemented together
Metamorphism: The process in which one type of rock changes into metamorphic rock because of chemical processes or changes in temperature and pressure
Contact Metamorphism: A change in the texture, structure, or chemical composition of a rock due to contact with magma
Regional Metamorphism: A change in the texture, structure or chemical composition of a rock due to changes in temperature and pressure over a large area generally as a result of tectonic forces
Foliation: The metamorphism rock texture in which mineral grains are arranged in planes or band
Nonfoliation: The metamorphic rock texture in which mineral grains are not arrange in planes or bands
Ores: A natural material whose concentration of economically valuable minerals is high enough for the material to be mined profitably
Lode: A mineral deposit within a rock formation
Placer Deposit: A deposit that contains a valuable mineral that has been concentrated by mechanical action
Gemstone: A mineral, rock, or organic material that can be used as jewelry or an ornament when it is cut and polished
Subsurface Mining: A mining techniques where minerals are mined by miners who work underground to recover mineral
Surface Mining: Overlying rock materials is stripped away to reveal the mineral deposit.
Placer Mining: Large Buckets are attached to a floating barge
Undersea Mining: Nodules are lump of minerals on the deep-ocean floor that contain iron, Manganese, and nickel which can be recovered efficiently but the location make it hard to mine
2.12.12 ISSUE 7: SCIENCE TEST!!!
Made By: Miyu, Em
ROCKS AND MINERALS!!!
Matter: Anything that has mass and takes up space
Element: a substance that cannot be separated or broken down into simpler substances by chemical means, all atoms of an element have the same atomic number.
Atom: the smallest unit of an element that maintains the chemical properties of that element.
Proton: a subatomic particle that has a positive charge and that is located in the nucleus of an atom; the number of protons of the nucleus is the atomic number, which determines the identity of an element.
Electron: a subatomic particle that has a negative charge
Neutron: a subatomic particle that has no charge and that is located in the nucleus of an atom
Isotope: an atom that has the same number of protons (or the same atomic number) but that has a different number of neutrons(and thus a different atomic mass)
Compound: a substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds.
Molecule: a group of atoms that are held together by chemical forces; a molecule is the smallest unit of matter that can exist by itself and retain all of a substance’s chemical properties
Ion: An atom or molecule that has gained or lost one or more electrons and has a negative or positive charge
Ionic Bond: the attractive force between oppositely charged ions, which form when electrons are transferred from one atom or molecule to another
Covalent Bond: a bond formed when atoms share one or more pairs of electrons
Mixture: a combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined
Solution: a mixture that is a uniform blend of two substances, having the same composition and properties throughout
Mineral: a natural, usually inorganic solid that has a characteristic chemical composition, an orderly internal structure, and a characteristic set of physical properties
Rock forming minerals: the common minerals that form the rocks that make up the earth’s crust
Silicate mineral: a mineral that contains a combination of silicon and oxygen, and that may also contain one or more metals
Nonsilicate mineral: a mineral that does not contain compounds of silicon and oxygen, the six major groups of nonsilicate minerals are carbonates, halides, native elements, oxides, sulfates, and sulfides
Crystal: a solid whose atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a regular, repeating pattern
Silicon-Oxygen tetrahedron: the basic unit of the structure of silicate minerals; a silicon ion chemically bonded to and surrounded by four oxygen ions
Isolated Tetrahedra: in minerals that have isolated tetrahedra only have atoms other than silicon and oxygen atoms link silicon-oxygen tetrahedra
Ring silicates: form when shared oxygen atoms join the tetrahedra to form three,four, or six sided rings
Single- Chain silicates: each tetrahedron is bonded to two others by shared oxygen atoms
Double-Chained silicates: two single chains of tetrahedra bond to each other
Pyroxenes: most single-chain silicate minerals are called pyroxenes
Amphiboles: Most double-chain silicate minerals are called amphiboles
Sheet silicates: each tetrahedron shares three oxygen atoms with other tetrahedra
Framework silicates: each tetrahedron is bonded to four neighboring tetrahedra to form a 3-D network
Closest Packing: in this crystal structure, each metal atom is surrounded by 8 to 12 other metal atoms that are as close to each other as the charges of the atomic nuclei will allow
Color: one of the properties used to identify a mineral but not the most reliable
Streak: the color of a mineral in powdered form
Luster: the way in which a mineral reflects light
Metallic Luster: if the mineral reflects light as a polished metal does
Nonmetallic Luster: are all the other minerals that don’t reflect light as a polished metal does
Cleavage: the tendency of a mineral to split along specific planes of weakness to form smooth, flat surfaces
Fracture: the manner in which a mineral breaks along either curved or irregular surfaces
Splintery or Fibrous fracture: a broken surface that looks like a piece of broken wood
Conchoidal Fractures: Curved surfaces
Hardness: the measure of the ability of a mineral to resist scratching
Mohs hardness scale: the standard scale against which the hardness of minerals is rated
Density: the ratio of the mass of a substance to the volume of the substance
Fluorescence: the ability to glow under ultraviolet light
Phosphorescence: when subjected to ultraviolet light, some minerals will continue to glow after the ultraviolet light is turned off
Chatoyancy: in reflected light, some minerals display a silky appearance
Asterism: the phenomenon in which a six-sided star shape appears when a mineral reflects light
Radioactivity: the arrangement of protons and neutrons in the nuclei of some atoms is unstable
Rock Cycle: The series of processes in which rock forms, changes from one type to another, is destroyed, and forms again by geological process
Bowen’s Reaction Series: The simplifies pattern that illustrates the order in which minerals crystallize from cooling magma according to their chemical composition and melting point
Igneous Rock: Rocks that from when magma cools and solidifies
Partial Melting: Process by which different minerals in rock melt at different temperatures
Fractional Crystallization: The crystallization and removal of different minerals from the cooling magma
Intrusive Igneous Rock: Rock formed from the cooling and solidification of magma beneath Earth’s surface
Extrusive Igneous Rock: Rock that forms from the cooling and solidification of lava at Earth’s surface
Felsic: Magma or igneous rock that is rich in feldspars and silica and that is generally light in color
Mafic: Magma or igneous rock that is rich in iron and magnesium and that is generally dark in color
Compaction: The process in which the volume and porosity of a sediment is decreased by the weight of overlying sediments as a result of burial beneath other sediments
Cementation: The process in which minerals precipitate into pore spaces between sediment grains and bind sediments to form rock
Chemical Sedimentary Rock: Sedimentary Rock that forms when fragments of preexisting rocks are compacted or cemented together
Metamorphism: The process in which one type of rock changes into metamorphic rock because of chemical processes or changes in temperature and pressure
Contact Metamorphism: A change in the texture, structure, or chemical composition of a rock due to contact with magma
Regional Metamorphism: A change in the texture, structure or chemical composition of a rock due to changes in temperature and pressure over a large area generally as a result of tectonic forces
Foliation: The metamorphism rock texture in which mineral grains are arranged in planes or band
Nonfoliation: The metamorphic rock texture in which mineral grains are not arrange in planes or bands
Ores: A natural material whose concentration of economically valuable minerals is high enough for the material to be mined profitably
Lode: A mineral deposit within a rock formation
Placer Deposit: A deposit that contains a valuable mineral that has been concentrated by mechanical action
Gemstone: A mineral, rock, or organic material that can be used as jewelry or an ornament when it is cut and polished
Subsurface Mining: A mining techniques where minerals are mined by miners who work underground to recover mineral
Surface Mining: Overlying rock materials is stripped away to reveal the mineral deposit.
Placer Mining: Large Buckets are attached to a floating barge
Undersea Mining: Nodules are lump of minerals on the deep-ocean floor that contain iron, Manganese, and nickel which can be recovered efficiently but the location make it hard to mine
Issue 6// Math
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1NSyTz0lsNkv2fiU6guvIxBgf--HtIONYgQUxrdo6klY/edit
Made by: Miyu, Em ^ ^
So many words in just one week.... O.o =( > . < )=
1.1 >epic cat> o o
Geometry: The branch of mathematics that defines and relates the basic properties and measurement of line segment and angles
Undefine Terms: Terms that we will accept w/o definition
4 terms we will accept w/o definitions are Set, Point, Plane and Line
Set: Collection of Objects such that is possible to determine whether a given object belongs to the collection or not
Point: A Geometric Point has no length, width, or thickness, only indicating a place or position
Line: A set of Points, Curved or Straight
Straight Line: A set of points that is straight (Aderf.) Unless otherwise stated, a line is straight
Plane: A set of Points that form a flat surface extending indefinitely in all direction
1.2
Number Line: A line where every point on the number line corresponds to a real number
Coordinate: Number that corresponds to a point in the line
Graph: A point which a number corresponds
Numerical Operation: Assign a real number to every pair of real number
Closure Property of Addition: a+b is a real number
Closure Property of Multiplication: a· b is a real number
Commutative Property of Addition: a+b=b+a
Commutative Property of Multiplication: a·b=b·a
Associative Property of Addition: a+(b+c)=(a+b)+c
Associative Property of Multiplication: a(bc)=(ab)c
Additive Identity: a+0=a and 0+a=a
Multiplicative Identity: 1a=a and a1=a
Additive Inverse: a+(-a)=0
Multiplicative Inverse: a· (1/a)=1
Distributive Property : a(b+c)= (ab+ac)
Multiplication Property of Zero: ab=0 if only a or b equal to 0
1.3
Collinear Set of Points:set of points all which lie on the same straight line
Noncollinear Set of Points: a set of 3 or more points that do not all lie on the same straight line
Definition:statement of the meaning of the term
Distance between 2 points on the real number line: the absolute value the difference of the coordinates of the 2 points AB=|a-b|-|b-a|
Betweeness: B is in between A and C
Line Segments/ Segment: A set of points consisting of 2 points on a line called endpoints and all of the points on the line between the endpoints
Length/ Measure of a line segment: Distance between its endpoints
Congruent Segments: Segments that have the same measure
1.4
Midpoint: Point on the Line that divides the segment into 2 rays (a+b)/2
Bisector of Line Segment: Any line or subset of line that intersects segment at midpoint
1.5
Half-line: Every point on a line divides the line into 2 opposite sets of the points
Rays:Point on line and all points on one side of the point of direction
Endpoints: Dividing Points
Opposite Rays: 2 rays of the same line w/ a common endpoint and no other points in common
Angle: Set of Points that is the union of 2 rays having same endpoints
Sides: Lines that form a angle
Vertex: Endpoint of Ray
Straight Angle: Angle that is Union of Opposite Rays
Interior of Angle: One region consisting all points
Exterior of Angle: All the other points except the points of the angle itself
Acute Angle: An angle whose degree measure is greater than 0 and less than 90
Right Angle: An angle whose degree measure is 90
Obtuse Angle: An angle whose degree measure is greater than 90 and less than 180
Congruent Angle: Angles with the same measure
Bisector of an Angle: A ray whose endpoint is the vertex of an angle and that divides that angle into two congruent angle
Perpendicular Lines: Two lines that intersect to form right angles
Distance from a Point to a Line: The length of the perpendicular from the point to the line
Foot: The Point which the perpendicular meets the line
Sum of Two Angle: (IF YOU DONT KNOW THIS I’M GOING TO KILL YOU TOMORROW)
Polygon: A close figure in a plane that is the union of line segments such that the segments intersect only at their endpoint and no segments sharing a common endpoint are collinear
Side: The polygon consist of 3 or more line segments. The line segments are sides
Triangle: A polygon that has exactly 3 sides
Scalene Triangle: A triangle that has no congruent sides
Isosceles: A triangle that has 2 congruent sides
Equilateral Triangle: A triangle with 3 congruent sides
Acute Triangle: A triangle with 3 acute angles
Right Triangle: A triangle with an right angle
Obtuse Triangle: A triangle that has an obtuse angle
Equiangular Triangle: Triangle that has 3 congruent angles
Made by: Miyu, Em ^ ^
So many words in just one week.... O.o =( > . < )=
1.1 >epic cat> o o
Geometry: The branch of mathematics that defines and relates the basic properties and measurement of line segment and angles
Undefine Terms: Terms that we will accept w/o definition
4 terms we will accept w/o definitions are Set, Point, Plane and Line
Set: Collection of Objects such that is possible to determine whether a given object belongs to the collection or not
Point: A Geometric Point has no length, width, or thickness, only indicating a place or position
Line: A set of Points, Curved or Straight
Straight Line: A set of points that is straight (Aderf.) Unless otherwise stated, a line is straight
Plane: A set of Points that form a flat surface extending indefinitely in all direction
1.2
Number Line: A line where every point on the number line corresponds to a real number
Coordinate: Number that corresponds to a point in the line
Graph: A point which a number corresponds
Numerical Operation: Assign a real number to every pair of real number
Closure Property of Addition: a+b is a real number
Closure Property of Multiplication: a· b is a real number
Commutative Property of Addition: a+b=b+a
Commutative Property of Multiplication: a·b=b·a
Associative Property of Addition: a+(b+c)=(a+b)+c
Associative Property of Multiplication: a(bc)=(ab)c
Additive Identity: a+0=a and 0+a=a
Multiplicative Identity: 1a=a and a1=a
Additive Inverse: a+(-a)=0
Multiplicative Inverse: a· (1/a)=1
Distributive Property : a(b+c)= (ab+ac)
Multiplication Property of Zero: ab=0 if only a or b equal to 0
1.3
Collinear Set of Points:set of points all which lie on the same straight line
Noncollinear Set of Points: a set of 3 or more points that do not all lie on the same straight line
Definition:statement of the meaning of the term
Distance between 2 points on the real number line: the absolute value the difference of the coordinates of the 2 points AB=|a-b|-|b-a|
Betweeness: B is in between A and C
Line Segments/ Segment: A set of points consisting of 2 points on a line called endpoints and all of the points on the line between the endpoints
Length/ Measure of a line segment: Distance between its endpoints
Congruent Segments: Segments that have the same measure
1.4
Midpoint: Point on the Line that divides the segment into 2 rays (a+b)/2
Bisector of Line Segment: Any line or subset of line that intersects segment at midpoint
1.5
Half-line: Every point on a line divides the line into 2 opposite sets of the points
Rays:Point on line and all points on one side of the point of direction
Endpoints: Dividing Points
Opposite Rays: 2 rays of the same line w/ a common endpoint and no other points in common
Angle: Set of Points that is the union of 2 rays having same endpoints
Sides: Lines that form a angle
Vertex: Endpoint of Ray
Straight Angle: Angle that is Union of Opposite Rays
Interior of Angle: One region consisting all points
Exterior of Angle: All the other points except the points of the angle itself
Acute Angle: An angle whose degree measure is greater than 0 and less than 90
Right Angle: An angle whose degree measure is 90
Obtuse Angle: An angle whose degree measure is greater than 90 and less than 180
Congruent Angle: Angles with the same measure
Bisector of an Angle: A ray whose endpoint is the vertex of an angle and that divides that angle into two congruent angle
Perpendicular Lines: Two lines that intersect to form right angles
Distance from a Point to a Line: The length of the perpendicular from the point to the line
Foot: The Point which the perpendicular meets the line
Sum of Two Angle: (IF YOU DONT KNOW THIS I’M GOING TO KILL YOU TOMORROW)
Polygon: A close figure in a plane that is the union of line segments such that the segments intersect only at their endpoint and no segments sharing a common endpoint are collinear
Side: The polygon consist of 3 or more line segments. The line segments are sides
Triangle: A polygon that has exactly 3 sides
Scalene Triangle: A triangle that has no congruent sides
Isosceles: A triangle that has 2 congruent sides
Equilateral Triangle: A triangle with 3 congruent sides
Acute Triangle: A triangle with 3 acute angles
Right Triangle: A triangle with an right angle
Obtuse Triangle: A triangle that has an obtuse angle
Equiangular Triangle: Triangle that has 3 congruent angles
Sunday, February 12, 2012
Issue 5: Science, For a science midterm
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1fzTMcH6p2uwleGFuayq1fOCfbCF9-quJX1s756p-5-8/edit
1.02.11 ISSUE 5: SCIENCE MIDTERM!!!
Made by: Miyu-Chan, Em
OH NO!!! >:( ……LOL random…too dramatic…
Crust:The crust is about 5 to 70 thick. It is the coolest layer. It is brittle and rigid. The crust has two parts, the oceanic crust and continental crust. The oceanic crust is dense and made of rocks rich in iron and magnesium. The continental crust is low density and is made of rock rich in silica. It is less than 1% of Earth’s volume
Moho: Moho stands for Mohorovicic Discontinuity layer. It is the boundary between the crust and Mantle.The Mohorovičić discontinuity was first identified in 1909 by Mohorovičić, when he observed that seismograms from shallow-focus earthquakes had two sets of P-waves and S-waves, one that followed a direct path near the Earth's surface and the other refracted by a high velocity medium.
Mantle: The Mantle is the thickest layer of the earth, about 2890km thick. It is viscous (semi solid). It makes about 80% of the Earth’s volume. The upper mantle is subdivided into two layers, the asthenosphere and lithosphere. The asthenosphere is the outer layer about 200km and composed of plastic flowing rocks. The lithosphere is composed of rigid rocks that extends up to 120 km.The solid, plastic layer of the mantle beneath the lithosphere; made of mantle rock that flows very slowly, which allows tectonic plates to move on top of it.
Core: The core makes up ≈15% of the volume of the Earth. Seismic Evidence and deep core drilling, the inner core has a radius of ≈1220km of dense packed solid made of gold, platinum, and other iron compounds. The outer core is believed to be made of liquid nickel and other light elements. The liquid core radius is about 3400km
Sea Floor Spreading: In the late 1950s, Harry Hess suggested a new hypothesis. He proposed that the valley at the center of the ridge is a crack or rift in Earth’s crust. New ocean floor is constantly being produced through sea-floor spreading, which creates mid-ocean ridges and changes the topography of the sea floor. Sea-floor spreading provides a mechanism for continental drift.
Mid-Ocean Ridges: A long, undersea mt. chain that has a steep, narrow valley at its center, that forms as magma rises from the astenosphere and creates new oceanic lithosphere as tectonic plates move apart
Plate Tectonics: the theory that explains why and how continents move and is the study of formation of features in Earth’s Crust. There are about 15 major tectonic plates.
Rifting: The Process by which Earth’s crust breaks apart; can occur within continental crust or oceanic crust.
Terrane: A piece of lithosphere that has a unique geologic history and that may be part of a larger piece of lithosphere, such as a continent. It becomes a part of a continent at convergent boundaries.
Stress: Amount of force per ut. Area that acts on the rock.
Strain: Any changes in shape or volume of rock that results from stress
Fold: A ductile strain in which rock layers bend, usu. as a result of compression
Ridges: Large narrow strip of elevated land that can occur near mts
Mountain System: A group of mountain that are adjacent
Mountain Belts: the largest mountain systems of 2 larger systems
Plateaus: large flat of high area above the sea level
Focus: (Foci)The underground place where an earthquake starts.
Epicenter:The point on the earth's surface vertically above the focus of an earthquake
Body wave: travel through the interior of the Earth. They follow curved paths because of the varying density and composition of the Earth's interior.
Surface Waves: Seismic waves that propagate along the surface of the earth
P-wave:A body wave that causes the compression of rocks when its energy acts upon them. When the P wave moves past a rock, the rock expands beyond its original volume, only to be compressed again by the next P wave. P waves are the fastest of all seismic waves.
S-Wave:A type of seismic wave, the S-wave, secondary wave, or shear wave (sometimes called an elastic S-wave) is one of the two main types of elastic body waves, so named because they move through the body of an object,
Love Wave:A seismic surface shock wave, which is also known as a Q-wave, with a lateral horizontal movement perpendicular to the direction of propagation (L-Wave)
Rayleigh wave:A type of surface wave having a retrograde, elliptical motion at the earth's surface, similar to the waves caused when a stone is dropped into a pond. These are the slowest, but often the largest and most destructive, of the wave types caused by an earthquake
Seismograph: Instrument that records vibrations in the ground
Seismogram: A tracing of earthquake motion that is recorded by seismograph
Magnitude: A measure of the strength of an earthquake
Intensity: Amount of damage caused by the earthquake
Trench:The place in the ocean floor along the edge of an continent where plates are subducted
Sea Floor Spreading: The process of adding to the Earth's crust at mid-ocean ridges as magma wells up and forces previously formed crust apart.
Folds: Bends in Strata
Half Life: Radioisotope is the time required for one-half of the unstable radioisotope to change into a stable decay product
Radioactive Decay: Atoms of unstable isotopes break apart
Divergent boundary: 2 plates move away from each other to form rifts and mid-ocean ridges
Convergent boundary: plates moving towards each other and colliding to form ocean trenches, mt. ranges, volcanoes, and island arcs
Transform Boundaries: Plates sliding past each other while moving in opposite directions
Air Mass: a large body of air throughout which temperature and moisture content are similar
Maritime-Moist-m (form over water)
Continental-Dry-c (form over land)
Tropical- Warm-T
Polar-Cold- P
Planetary Winds or global winds under >
Electromagnetic Spectrum: All the frequency or wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation
Coriolis Effect: the curving of the path of a moving object from an otherwise straight path due to the earth’s rotation
Convection Cells: looping pattern of flow
6 wind belts, characterized by winds that flow in 1 main direction
Prevailing Winds =the wind above
Trade Winds: prevailing winds that blow east to west from 30° latitude (N & S) to the equator
Westerlies: Prevailing Winds that blow west to east between 30° latitude (N & S) to 60°latitude
Polar Easterlies: prevailing winds that blow from east to west between 60° latitude (N& S) to 90°
HR DIAGRAM^
Latitude: The angular distance north or south of the earth's equator, measured in degrees along a meridian, as on a map or globe.
Longitude: Angular distance on the earth's surface, measured east or west from the prime meridian at Greenwich, England, to the meridian passing through a position, expressed in degrees (or hours), minutes, and seconds.
Blue Shift: If the source moving closer from the observer, more crest per second reach the eye, so the light is now interpreted as having a shorter wavelength such as a blue light...
Redshift: if the source moving away from the observer fewer crests per second reach the eye, so the light is now interpreted as having a longer wavelength such as a red light.
A circumpolar star: a star that never sets when viewed from from a particular latitude here on Earth(never disappears below the horizon), because of its proximity to one of the celestial poles, so these stars are visible for the entire night, every night of the year. They would also be visible 24 hours of the day if the Sun was not brighter.
Perigee/perihelion: part of the path where the objects are closest to one another
Apogee/Aphelion:point in the path where objects are furthest apart
Eccenticity: Flatness of the ellispe
Heliocentric model: a model of the universe in which the sun is at the center of our solar system and planets revolve around the sun.
Geocentric model: a model of the universe that is earth centered and all other objects revolve around the Earth. This is proven wrong by Ptolemy who created the Heliocentric model
Heliocentric: Sun centered model of the universe...all other objects revolve around the su
Mercalli Scale: a scale that measures the intensity of an earthquake
Evidence on Rotations:
The Foucault Pendulum:The Foucault pendulum was the first demonstration of the Earth’s rotation that did not rely on astronomical observation. As you watch the pendulum for just a short time, it will appear to be moving clockwise across the mosaic map on the floor. But, since there is no outside force making the pendulum rotate as it swings, and no other outside force interrupting the swing, it must be the floor itself that is rotating, while the path of the pendulum’s swing remains constant.
*earth’s axis of rotation is 23 and a half degrees
Coriolis Effect: the curving of the path of a moving object from an otherwise straight path due to the earth’s rotation. Since curving paths of ocean currents and weather systems wouldn’t occur on a stationary Earth, their existence is considered proofs of Earth’s rotation.
Tides: the rising and falling of seas due to the gravitational effect of the moon and sun, however they are smaller because the sun is so much farther from earth than the moon is .tides occur 4 times a year, 2 high and 2 low.
Spring Tides: are high tides that occur during new and full moon and these tides have the greatest tidal range
Neap Tides: very little tidal change occurs. moon is at right angle with earth. occur during the first and third quarter moons
Tidal bulge: form because the moon’s gravitational pull on earth decreases with the distance from the moon. As a result, the ocean on Earth’s near side is pulled toward the the moon with the greatest force. The ocean on the Earth’s far side is subject to less force than the solid Earth is. these differences causes Earth’s tidal bulges.
Made by: Miyu-Chan, Em
OH NO!!! >:( ……LOL random…too dramatic…
Crust:The crust is about 5 to 70 thick. It is the coolest layer. It is brittle and rigid. The crust has two parts, the oceanic crust and continental crust. The oceanic crust is dense and made of rocks rich in iron and magnesium. The continental crust is low density and is made of rock rich in silica. It is less than 1% of Earth’s volume
Moho: Moho stands for Mohorovicic Discontinuity layer. It is the boundary between the crust and Mantle.The Mohorovičić discontinuity was first identified in 1909 by Mohorovičić, when he observed that seismograms from shallow-focus earthquakes had two sets of P-waves and S-waves, one that followed a direct path near the Earth's surface and the other refracted by a high velocity medium.
Mantle: The Mantle is the thickest layer of the earth, about 2890km thick. It is viscous (semi solid). It makes about 80% of the Earth’s volume. The upper mantle is subdivided into two layers, the asthenosphere and lithosphere. The asthenosphere is the outer layer about 200km and composed of plastic flowing rocks. The lithosphere is composed of rigid rocks that extends up to 120 km.The solid, plastic layer of the mantle beneath the lithosphere; made of mantle rock that flows very slowly, which allows tectonic plates to move on top of it.
Core: The core makes up ≈15% of the volume of the Earth. Seismic Evidence and deep core drilling, the inner core has a radius of ≈1220km of dense packed solid made of gold, platinum, and other iron compounds. The outer core is believed to be made of liquid nickel and other light elements. The liquid core radius is about 3400km
Sea Floor Spreading: In the late 1950s, Harry Hess suggested a new hypothesis. He proposed that the valley at the center of the ridge is a crack or rift in Earth’s crust. New ocean floor is constantly being produced through sea-floor spreading, which creates mid-ocean ridges and changes the topography of the sea floor. Sea-floor spreading provides a mechanism for continental drift.
Mid-Ocean Ridges: A long, undersea mt. chain that has a steep, narrow valley at its center, that forms as magma rises from the astenosphere and creates new oceanic lithosphere as tectonic plates move apart
Plate Tectonics: the theory that explains why and how continents move and is the study of formation of features in Earth’s Crust. There are about 15 major tectonic plates.
Rifting: The Process by which Earth’s crust breaks apart; can occur within continental crust or oceanic crust.
Terrane: A piece of lithosphere that has a unique geologic history and that may be part of a larger piece of lithosphere, such as a continent. It becomes a part of a continent at convergent boundaries.
Stress: Amount of force per ut. Area that acts on the rock.
Strain: Any changes in shape or volume of rock that results from stress
Fold: A ductile strain in which rock layers bend, usu. as a result of compression
Ridges: Large narrow strip of elevated land that can occur near mts
Mountain System: A group of mountain that are adjacent
Mountain Belts: the largest mountain systems of 2 larger systems
Plateaus: large flat of high area above the sea level
Focus: (Foci)The underground place where an earthquake starts.
Epicenter:The point on the earth's surface vertically above the focus of an earthquake
Body wave: travel through the interior of the Earth. They follow curved paths because of the varying density and composition of the Earth's interior.
Surface Waves: Seismic waves that propagate along the surface of the earth
P-wave:A body wave that causes the compression of rocks when its energy acts upon them. When the P wave moves past a rock, the rock expands beyond its original volume, only to be compressed again by the next P wave. P waves are the fastest of all seismic waves.
S-Wave:A type of seismic wave, the S-wave, secondary wave, or shear wave (sometimes called an elastic S-wave) is one of the two main types of elastic body waves, so named because they move through the body of an object,
Love Wave:A seismic surface shock wave, which is also known as a Q-wave, with a lateral horizontal movement perpendicular to the direction of propagation (L-Wave)
Rayleigh wave:A type of surface wave having a retrograde, elliptical motion at the earth's surface, similar to the waves caused when a stone is dropped into a pond. These are the slowest, but often the largest and most destructive, of the wave types caused by an earthquake
Seismograph: Instrument that records vibrations in the ground
Seismogram: A tracing of earthquake motion that is recorded by seismograph
Magnitude: A measure of the strength of an earthquake
Intensity: Amount of damage caused by the earthquake
Trench:The place in the ocean floor along the edge of an continent where plates are subducted
Sea Floor Spreading: The process of adding to the Earth's crust at mid-ocean ridges as magma wells up and forces previously formed crust apart.
Folds: Bends in Strata
Half Life: Radioisotope is the time required for one-half of the unstable radioisotope to change into a stable decay product
Radioactive Decay: Atoms of unstable isotopes break apart
Divergent boundary: 2 plates move away from each other to form rifts and mid-ocean ridges
Convergent boundary: plates moving towards each other and colliding to form ocean trenches, mt. ranges, volcanoes, and island arcs
Transform Boundaries: Plates sliding past each other while moving in opposite directions
Air Mass: a large body of air throughout which temperature and moisture content are similar
Maritime-Moist-m (form over water)
Continental-Dry-c (form over land)
Tropical- Warm-T
Polar-Cold- P
Planetary Winds or global winds under >
Electromagnetic Spectrum: All the frequency or wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation
Coriolis Effect: the curving of the path of a moving object from an otherwise straight path due to the earth’s rotation
Convection Cells: looping pattern of flow
6 wind belts, characterized by winds that flow in 1 main direction
Prevailing Winds =the wind above
Trade Winds: prevailing winds that blow east to west from 30° latitude (N & S) to the equator
Westerlies: Prevailing Winds that blow west to east between 30° latitude (N & S) to 60°latitude
Polar Easterlies: prevailing winds that blow from east to west between 60° latitude (N& S) to 90°
HR DIAGRAM^
Latitude: The angular distance north or south of the earth's equator, measured in degrees along a meridian, as on a map or globe.
Longitude: Angular distance on the earth's surface, measured east or west from the prime meridian at Greenwich, England, to the meridian passing through a position, expressed in degrees (or hours), minutes, and seconds.
Blue Shift: If the source moving closer from the observer, more crest per second reach the eye, so the light is now interpreted as having a shorter wavelength such as a blue light...
Redshift: if the source moving away from the observer fewer crests per second reach the eye, so the light is now interpreted as having a longer wavelength such as a red light.
A circumpolar star: a star that never sets when viewed from from a particular latitude here on Earth(never disappears below the horizon), because of its proximity to one of the celestial poles, so these stars are visible for the entire night, every night of the year. They would also be visible 24 hours of the day if the Sun was not brighter.
Perigee/perihelion: part of the path where the objects are closest to one another
Apogee/Aphelion:point in the path where objects are furthest apart
Eccenticity: Flatness of the ellispe
Heliocentric model: a model of the universe in which the sun is at the center of our solar system and planets revolve around the sun.
Geocentric model: a model of the universe that is earth centered and all other objects revolve around the Earth. This is proven wrong by Ptolemy who created the Heliocentric model
Heliocentric: Sun centered model of the universe...all other objects revolve around the su
Mercalli Scale: a scale that measures the intensity of an earthquake
Evidence on Rotations:
The Foucault Pendulum:The Foucault pendulum was the first demonstration of the Earth’s rotation that did not rely on astronomical observation. As you watch the pendulum for just a short time, it will appear to be moving clockwise across the mosaic map on the floor. But, since there is no outside force making the pendulum rotate as it swings, and no other outside force interrupting the swing, it must be the floor itself that is rotating, while the path of the pendulum’s swing remains constant.
*earth’s axis of rotation is 23 and a half degrees
Coriolis Effect: the curving of the path of a moving object from an otherwise straight path due to the earth’s rotation. Since curving paths of ocean currents and weather systems wouldn’t occur on a stationary Earth, their existence is considered proofs of Earth’s rotation.
Tides: the rising and falling of seas due to the gravitational effect of the moon and sun, however they are smaller because the sun is so much farther from earth than the moon is .tides occur 4 times a year, 2 high and 2 low.
Spring Tides: are high tides that occur during new and full moon and these tides have the greatest tidal range
Neap Tides: very little tidal change occurs. moon is at right angle with earth. occur during the first and third quarter moons
Tidal bulge: form because the moon’s gravitational pull on earth decreases with the distance from the moon. As a result, the ocean on Earth’s near side is pulled toward the the moon with the greatest force. The ocean on the Earth’s far side is subject to less force than the solid Earth is. these differences causes Earth’s tidal bulges.
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