Issue 50: Japanese: Japanese Students

日本語の練習シート: 日本の学生

文法：

①N1というN2. N1 is specific and N2 is the general category

                １．「けいおう」というの日本の私立大学はいいのがっこうです。

                The Japanese Private University called Keio University is a good school.

②N1とかN2（とか）：Used to give examples. Things such as N1 and N2.　Among others.

                １．ももとかりんごとかなしとかがすきです。

                I like peaches, apples, pears, among others.

                ２．たいわんとか日本をいってみたいです。

                I want to go to Taiwan and Japan.

③Verb Stem＋かえます（かえる）：To change. (Use common sense or memorize! Btw note Kigaemasu for changing clothes. That's an exception)

                １．To change clothes:ふくをきがえます。（Note theが　

                ２．To change shoes or pants：くつをはきかえます。

                ３．To transfer on train:電車（でんしゃ）をのりかえます。

                ４．To edit an essay:　作文（さくぶん）をかきかえます。

                ５．To remake (into a movie, drama, etc.) :　作（つく）りかえます。

                ６．To put into another container：いれかえます。

                ７．To reposition:おきかえます

                ８．To exchange money:円（えん）をとりかえます。

④Review:　How to modify a noun

Part of Speech	How to Modify a noun
Noun	N1 +の+N2 (Let N1 be the noun modifying N2)
I-Adj	I-adj +Noun
Na-Adj	Na-adj +な+ Noun
Pre-Nominative (Kono,Sono, etc.)	Pre-Nominative + Noun
Verbs	Plain-form+ Noun

Note: Heiwa(peace is a noun in Japanese but it also means peaceful as a Na-verb)

⑤Review: How to conjugate  into plain form

What is plain form? Dictionary Form, Nai-Form, Ta-Form, Nakatta-Form

	Dictionary-Form	Nai-Form	Ta- Form	Nakatta-Form
行きます This is a verb and should be easy for you.	行く	行かない	行った	行かなかった
たのしいです This is an "i"-adj. The "i" turns to a "k(vowel)" sound depending on what form, after the dictionary form.... which is just drop "desu"	たのしい	たのしくない	たのしかった	たのしくなかった
きれいです This is a "na" adj. I like to say that the desu turns into a da because na-verbs are annoying thus ugly to the eye so you must have a cover to cover the ugliness," da" (If that makes any sense). And since it is not a "i" adj.And use datta for ta-forms... And the sound Ja as an cover for negation.	きれいだ	きれいじゃない　きれいではない	きれいだった	きれいじゃなかった

⑥ Plain Form Verb  +時（とき）: The time when (V),  ...

Ms. Kawamoto said that "了" is the best way to say express this to the Chinese speakers.

Present:

Japanese:食事（しょくじ）をする時に、「いただきます」をと言う。

Chinese: (吃飯時，要說 「Itadakimasu」。)

English: When we eat, we say "Itadakimasu".

Past:

Japanese: 食事（しょくじ）をした時に、「ごちそうさま」をと言う。

Chinese: 吃完飯了，要說 「Gochisousama」。

English: When we ate, we say "Gochisousama".

⑦How to use Adj. +時（とき）: The time when N1 was adj.... Basically the same rules as ④.

Na-adj:  ... Na-adj+な+時（とき）...

I-adj: I-adj + +時（とき）...

漢字：English translation: Reading(s)

公： Public:  Kou                      1. Kouritsu: Public            2.Kouen: Park    3. Koushi: Public and Private

文：Sentence: Bun                 1. Bungaku: Literature   2. Bunpou: Grammar      3. Sakubun: Essay

化：to take form of : Ka/ke 1. Kagaku: Chemistry      2.Bunka: Culture  3.Okeshou wo suru: To apply make up

花：Flower: Hana    1. Hanabi: Fireworks       2. Hanami: Flower viewing           3. Hanaya: Flower store

4.Hana Matsuri: Flower Festival

海：Ocean/Sea/Beach: Umi/Kai       1.Kaigai: Overseas           2.Nihonkai: Sea of Japan              3.Hokkaidou: Hokkaidou (Northern Island of Japan)

旅：Travel: Ryo        1.Ryokou: Travel/Trip     2.Kaigai Ryokou: Oversea travel                                3. Shuugaku Ryokou: Study tour

教：To teach: Oshi(eru)/ Kyou          1. Kyoushitsu: Classroom              2.Kyoukasho: Textbook                3.Kyoukai: Church

室：Room: Shitsu    1. Kyoushitsu: Classroom             2. Jishitsu: Own room    3. Washitsu: Japanese Styled Room

後：After/Behind: Ato/Ushiro/Go   1.Saigo: Last       2.Houkago: Afterschool                3. Gogo: Afternoon

午：Noon: Go           1.Gozen: AM     2. Gogo: PM       3. Dango: Boy's day (Holiday-May 5th)

着：To wear or to arrive: Ki(ru)/Tsu(ku)        1.Fuku wo Kimasu: to wear clothes         2. Kimono: Traditional Japanese robes    3. Gakkou ni tsukimasu: To arrive at school

知：To get to know : Shi(ru)                               1. Shirase: Notice             2. Shiteimasuka: Do you know?                 3. Shirimasen/Shiranai: IDK

Peace: へいわ：平和 (Also an era in Japan. Heiwa period :3 Supposedly peaceful)

Private:しりつ：私立

Public:こうりつ：公立

Boy's School：だんしこう：男子校

Girl's School：じょしこう：女子校 (JK=Joushi Kou)

Co-educational：(だんじょ)きょうがく：(男女)共学

Education:きょういく：教育

Tuition:じゅぎょうりょう：授業料: ( Jyugyou means class too....)

Grass:くさ：草

Lawn:しばふ：芝生

To Commute:かよう：通う: (Commuting is kayotteimasu)

Event:ぎょうじ：行事

After school:ほうかご：放課後: (Literal meaning is "After release from class")

Club Activity:ぶかつ：部活 (Go home club is Kiraku-bu. Bu= club :3)

Kendo:けんどう:

Cram School:じゅく：塾

Allowance:（お）こづかい：（お）小遣い

To study abroad:りゆうがくをする：留学する

To do (informal):やる

To perm:パーマをかける

To apply make-up:（お）けしょうをする：（お）化粧をする

To remove:ぬぐ(脱ぐ）

To change: (Look at the grammar point)かえる：替える

Bullying:いじめ: (I think of Ijiwaru=evil. Both have negative connotation )

Gun:じゅう：銃:

Drugs:まやく：麻薬 (weirdly means anesthetics in Chinese)

Cheating:カンニング: Cunning

Almost:ほとんど 

Point:ところ：所: (Point? WTH? Place. Basho works as well.)

Semester:がっき：学期

Graduation Ceremony:そつぎょうしき：卒業式

Culture:ぶんか：文化

Overseas travel:かいがいりょうこう：海外旅行

To quit/ discontinue:やめる：止める