Tuesday, March 3, 2015

Issue 51: Japanese: Regents Midyear Review

日本語の練習シート: 学期中試験
文法(Bunpou) Grammar
① N1 N2: Use to describe N2
Look at ⑥s  review part. It just modifies.
                1. 妹のまりはやさしいです。
                My younger sister, Mari,  is kind.
                2.兄のダンは銀行にはたらいています。
                My older brother, Dan, is working  in a bank.
② ~しか+negative predicate
Damn. This is hard to really say without knowing Dake. Dake= Only. Shika, nothing but...
Shika= use a negative verb as well. (DOUBLE NEGATIVE IN JAPANESE IS TOTALLY FINE)
So I'll show the use of Dake and Shika.
Shika/Dake
Japanese
English
Dake(Only)
私だけ行きました。
Only  I went.
Shika (Nothing but)
私しかいきませんでした。
Nobody but I went.
They have the same meaning basically.^

                1. 姉だけようちえんをかよった。
                My older sister only went to Kindergarten.
                2. 姉しかようちえんをかよわなかった。
                Nobody but my older sister went to Kindergarten.

For more :3

③ oo-form (mashou informal) Let's do V1
Ohhh~ I love this. But this gets confusing. How many of you actually know the difference btwn G1 and G2 verbs? Not me. G1 follows Nomimasu rules, G2 follows Tabemasu rules :3

Dictionary Form
OO-Form.
Following Nomimasu (G1)
のむ (To drink)
かう (To buy)
あそぶ (To play)
まつ (To wait)
はなす (To speak)
かく (To write)
のもう (Let's drink)
かおう (Let's buy)
あそぼう (Let's play)
まとう (Let's wait)
はなそう (Let's speak)
かこう (Let's write)
Following Tabemasu (G2)
たべる (To eat)
みる (To see)
たべよう (Let's eat)
みよう (Let's see)
Irregular
する (To do)
くる (To come)
しよう (Let's do)
こよう (Let's come)
                1. いっしょにかえろう。
                Let's return together. (Such a common shoujo anime statement -////-)
                2. 宿題をしよう。
                Let's do homework.
④N1というN2. N1 is specific and N2 is the general category
                1.「けいおう」というの日本の私立大学はいいのがっこうです。
                The Japanese Private University called Keio University is a good school.
⑤N1とかN2(とか):Used to give examples. Things such as N1 and N2. Among others.
                1.ももとかりんごとかなしとかがすきです。
                I like peaches, apples, pears, among others.
                2.たいわんとか日本をいってみたいです。
                I want to go to Taiwan and Japan.
 Review: How to modify a noun
Part of Speech
How to Modify a noun
Noun
N1 ++N2 (Let N1 be the noun modifying N2)
I-Adj
I-adj +Noun
Na-Adj
Na-adj ++ Noun
Pre-Nominative (Kono,Sono, etc.)
Pre-Nominative + Noun
Verbs
Plain-form+ Noun
Note: Heiwa(peace is a noun in Japanese but it also means peaceful as a Na-verb)
Review: How to conjugate  into plain form
What is plain form? Dictionary Form, Nai-Form, Ta-Form, Nakatta-Form

Dictionary-Form
Nai-Form
Ta- Form
Nakatta-Form
行きます
This is a verb and should be easy for you.
行く
行かない
行った
行かなかった
たのしいです
This is an "i"-adj. The "i" turns to a "k(vowel)" sound depending on what form, after the dictionary form.... which is just drop "desu"
たのしい
たのしくない
たのしかった
たのしくなかった
きれいです
This is a "na" adj. I like to say that the desu turns into a da because na-verbs are annoying thus ugly to the eye so you must have a cover to cover the ugliness," da" (If that makes any sense). And since it is not a "i" adj.And use datta for ta-forms... And the sound Ja as an cover for negation.
きれいだ
きれいじゃない きれいではない
きれいだった
きれいじゃなかった

⑥ Plain Form Verb  +時(とき): The time when (V),  ...

Ms. Kawamoto said that "" is the best way to say express this to the Chinese speakers.
Present:
Japanese:食事(しょくじ)をする時に、「いただきます」をと言う。
Chinese: (吃飯時,要 Itadakimasu」。)
English: When we eat, we say "Itadakimasu".
Past:
Japanese: 食事(しょくじ)をした時に、「ごちそうさま」をと言う。
Chinese: 吃完飯了,要 Gochisousama」。
English: When we ate, we say "Gochisousama".
⑦How to use Adj. +時(とき): The time when N1 was adj.... Basically the same rules as ④.
Na-adj:  ... Na-adj++時(とき)...
I-adj: I-adj + +時(とき)...

漢字(Kanji) Yeah if you don't know it just write it all over this white space below. More phrases are below.
漢字:English translation: Reading(s)
China (Han Dynasty) : Kan         
Character; writing : Ji                   
Elder Sister : Ane/ Ne                  
Little Sister:  Imouto                    
Elder Brother: Ani/ Ni                  
Little Brother: Otouto                 
Daytime: Hiru
Aka(rui): Bright
Kyo: Past
Silver: Gin
To serve: shi
Public:  Kou                      1. Kouritsu: Public            2.Kouen: Park    3. Koushi: Public and Private
Sentence: Bun                 1. Bungaku: Literature   2. Bunpou: Grammar      3. Sakubun: Essay
to take form of : Ka/ke 1. Kagaku: Chemistry      2.Bunka: Culture  3.Okeshou wo suru: To apply make up
Flower: Hana    1. Hanabi: Fireworks       2. Hanami: Flower viewing           3. Hanaya: Flower store
4.Hana Matsuri: Flower Festival
Ocean/Sea/Beach: Umi/Kai       1.Kaigai: Overseas           2.Nihonkai: Sea of Japan              3.Hokkaidou: Hokkaidou (Northern Island of Japan)
Travel: Ryo        1.Ryokou: Travel/Trip     2.Kaigai Ryokou: Oversea travel                                3. Shuugaku Ryokou: Study tour
To teach: Oshi(eru)/ Kyou          1. Kyoushitsu: Classroom              2.Kyoukasho: Textbook                3.Kyoukai: Church
Room: Shitsu    1. Kyoushitsu: Classroom             2. Jishitsu: Own room    3. Washitsu: Japanese Styled Room
After/Behind: Ato/Ushiro/Go   1.Saigo: Last       2.Houkago: Afterschool                3. Gogo: Afternoon
Noon: Go           1.Gozen: AM     2. Gogo: PM       3. Dango: Boy's day (Holiday-May 5th)
To wear or to arrive: Ki(ru)/Tsu(ku)        1.Fuku wo Kimasu: to wear clothes         2. Kimono: Traditional Japanese robes    3. Gakkou ni tsukimasu: To arrive at school
To get to know : Shi(ru)                               1. Shirase: Notice             2. Shiteimasuka: Do you know?                 3. Shirimasen/Shiranai: IDK

漢字(かんじ)Chinese Characters
お姉さん(おねえさん)Other's Older sister
お兄さん(おにいさん)Other's Older brother
兄弟 (きょうだい)Siblings
朝食(ちょうしょく)Breakfast (Mature)
昼食(ちゅうしょく)Lunch (Mature) Btw think, , ( chuu  or naka meaning middle) cuz lunch is middle of the day.
明日 (あした)Tomorrow
去年(きょねん)Last Year
銀行(ぎんこう)Bank
仕事(しごと) Job
公立(こうりつ)Public
文化 (ぶんか)Culture
文学(ぶんがく)Literature
化学(かがく)Chemistry
化しょうする(けしょうする)To put on Make Up
花屋(はなや)Flower Store
海外(かいがい)Overseas
旅行(りょこう)Traveling
教室(きょうしつ)Classroom
教科書(きょうかしょ)Textbook →we never learned this in kanji so beware.
ほうか後(ほうかご)Afterschool
午前 (ごぜん)AM
午後(ごご)PM
着る(きる)To wear
学校を着く (がっこうをつく)To go to school
知りません (しりません)IDK

単語(Tango) Vocab

Peace: へいわ:平和 (Also an era in Japan. Heiwa period :3 Supposedly peaceful)
Private:しりつ:私立
Public:こうりつ:公立
Boy's School:だんしこう:男子校
Girl's School:じょしこう:女子校 (JK=Joushi Kou)
Co-educational(だんじょ)きょうがく:(男女)共学
Education:きょういく:教育
Tuition:じゅぎょうりょう:授業料: ( Jyugyou means class too....)
Grass:くさ:草
Lawn:しばふ:芝生
To Commute:かよう:通う: (Commuting is kayotteimasu)
Event:ぎょうじ:行事
After school:ほうかご:放課後: (Literal meaning is "After release from class")
Club Activity:ぶかつ:部活 (Go home club is Kiraku-bu. Bu= club :3)
Kendo:けんどう:
Cram School:じゅく:塾
Allowance:(お)こづかい:(お)小遣い
To study abroad:りゆうがくをする:留学する
To do (informal):やる
To perm:パーマをかける
To apply make-up:(お)けしょうをする:(お)化粧をする
To remove:ぬぐ(脱ぐ)
To change: (Look at the grammar point)かえる:替える
Bullying:いじめ: (I think of Ijiwaru=evil. Both have negative connotation )
Gun:じゅう:銃:
Drugs:まやく:麻薬 (weirdly means anesthetics in Chinese)
Cheating:カンニング: Cunning
Almost:ほとんど 
Point:ところ:所: (AKA Place. Basho works as well.)
Semester:がっき:学期
Graduation Ceremony:そつぎょうしき:卒業式
Culture:ぶんか:文化
Overseas travel:かいがいりょうこう:海外旅行
To quit/ discontinue:やめる:止める
Proverb:ことわざ
My grandfather:祖父(そふ)
My grandmother:祖母(そぼ)
My uncle:叔父(おじ)
My aunt:叔母(おば)
Kindergarten:幼稚園(ようちえん)
Physics:物理(ぶつり)
Chemistry:化学(かがく)
Literature:文学(ぶんがく)
History:歴史(れきし)
To graduate:卒業をする(そつぎょうをする)
To major in:専攻をする(せんこうをする)
It is I (not you):こちらこそ
(leaving home for the day):行って来ます
(seeing off a person for the day):行ってらっしゃい
I'm home:ただいま
Welcome home:おかえりなさい
Good night:おやすみ
Excuse me for doing something first:お先に(おさくに)
Excuse me:しつれいします
I'm sorry for being rude:しつれいしました
Carrot:人参(にんじん)
Breakfast(formal):朝食(ちょうしょく)
Lunch (formal):昼食(ちゅうしょく)
Dinner (formal):夕食(ゆうしょく)
To change:変える(かえる)
To use:使う(つかう)

(いま)(ぼく)東京(とうきょう)私立(しりつ)男女共学(だんじょきょうがく)高校(こうこう)留学(りゅうがく)している。
Right now, I am in a Tokyo Private Co-()educational high school to study abroad.
戸田高校(とだこうこう)という学校(がっこう)だ。
The school is called Toda High School.
授業料(じゅぎょうりょう)アメリカ(あめりか)高校(こうこう)ほどたくない。
The tuition compared to America is not expensive.
この学校はアメリカの学校よりずっとせまい。
This school is much smaller than American schools. (semai=narrow/smaller)
()とか(はな)とか(くさ)とか(みどり) (すく)ない()
There are fewer trees, flowers, and grass.
芝生(しばふ)もほとんどない。
There's almost nothing of a lawn.
この学校(がっこう)には制服(せいふく)があって、(ぼく)制服(せいふく)()て、学校(がっこう)(かよ)っている。
There's a uniform in the school and I also wear it while attending school.
自動車(じどうしゃ)学校(がっこう)(かよ)生徒(せいと)はいなくて、ほとんど電車(でんしゃ)バス(ばす)などで(かよ)っている。
There's no students who commute by the car and instead mostly by bus or train.
この学校(がっこう)規則(きそく)はきびしくて、女子生徒(じょしせいと)はパーマをかけたり、化粧(けしょう)をしたりしてはいけない。
The school's rules are strict. Female students cannot perm or put on make-up.
学校(がっこう)()いて建物(たてもの)(なか)(はい)(とき)(そと)(くつ)()いで、(なか)(くつ)にはきかえなくてはいけない。
When you arrive inside the building, you must remove the outside shoes and put on indoor shoes. (Tatemono=building/nuide=to remove)
日本(にほん)学校(がっこう)四月(しがつ)(はじ)まって、三月(さんがつ)()わる。
Japanese schools start in April and end in March.
三学期(さんがっき)あって、入学式(にゅうがくしき)とか卒業式(そつぎょうしき)とか(しき)(おお)い。
During the third semester, there's the entrance ceremony, graduation ceremony, among many other ceremonies.
学校(がっこう)行事(ぎょうじ)運動会(うんどうかい)とか文化祭(ぶんかさい)とか修学旅行(しゅうがくりょこう)とかいろいろある。
The school has many events such as sports fair, cultural festival, school trips and many more.
この学校(がっこう)では高二(こうに)(とき)修学旅行(しゅうがくりょこう)として海外旅行(かいがいりょこう)をする。
During the second year of this school, the study trip is as an oversea travel trip.
学校(がっこう)()わった(とき)生徒(せいと)教室(きょうしつ)とかトイレ(といれ)とか掃除(そうじ)しなければならない。
When school ends, students must clean the classroom and toilets.
放課後(ほうかご)部活(ぶかつ)をする生徒(せいと)(おお)い。
Afterschool, a lot of students have club.
(じゅく)(かよ)生徒(せいと)もいる。
There's also students who go to cram school.
(ぼく)一学期(いちがっき)テニス(てにす)()(はい)っていたけど、やめて、二学期(にがっき)から剣道(けんどう)をやっている。
During the first semester, I joined tennis but stop and during second semester did kendo.
日本(にほん)文化(ぶんか)()かっておもしろい。
It is interesting to understand Japan's culture.
日本(にほん)学校(がっこう)にもいじめとかいろいろ問題(もんだい)があるけど、アメリカ(あめりか)(じゅう)麻薬(まやく)問題(もんだい)にくらべたら、とても平和(へいわ)場所(ばしょ)だと(おも)う。

In Japanese schools, bullying is a common problem,  but compared to American school's gun and drug problem, it is a rather peaceful place.