Joint Stock Company: When stock
companies allowed several investors to
pool their wealth in support of a colony that would, hopefully, yield a
profit
Jamestown: In 1606, King James I of England
granted a charter to Virginia Company. Virginia Company's three ships--Susan
Constant, Discovery, and Godspeed-- with 150 passengers reached Virginia at
1607. Settlement was called Jamestown and river beside it was James River, in
honor of king.
They
lured financial supporters by asking for relatively small investments.
Stockholders would receive 4/5 of all gold and silver found. The King provided for the remaining.
Starving Time: "No talk, no
hope, no work, but dig gold, wash gold, refine gold, load gold." (John
Smith)
No food
and Diseases struck
1607,
John Smith took control of settlement. "You must obey this
law... he that will not work
shall not eat." Forced Colonist to farm. Persuaded nearby Powhatan to
provide food.
1609,
more colonist came. Powhatans were alarmed so destroyed farms and killed livestock. Famine arise and
colonist ate roots, rats, snakes and boiled shoe leather. Few survived.
Leader
of the new Jamestown demanded tributes of corn and labor from Powhatan.
Brown Gold: Tobacco. 1612, John
Rolfe of Jamestown experimented cross breeding tobacco from Brazil with a harsh
strain of weed that Nat. Am. grown for
years. Resulted in high quality tobacco. 1620s, exported 1.5 mill. lbs. to
England.
Headright System: To lure more
settlers in Jamestown, Virginia Company introduced the system in 1618. Anyone
who paid for own/ another's passage to Virginia received 50 acres of land.
Immigration skyrocketed.
Indentured
Servants: To work plantations, many owners got servants from England. In
exchange for food and shelter, a servant agreed to a limited term of
servitude--4-7 years usu. Most from lower classes of English society.
Bacon's Rebellion: Nathaniel Bacon was
a son of a wealthy Englishman and hated Nat. Am. He called them wolves who
preyed on innocent lamb. 1676, raised
army to fight Nat. Am. on Virginia frontier. Governor Berkeley declared Bacon's army, 1/3 made of landless
settlers and debters, illegal. Stormed into Jamestown saying lack of
representation. Turned violent.
Puritans: Church members who wanted to
"purify" or reform the Church
of England.
Anne Dudley & Simon Bradstreet. Anne became
America's first English-Speaking Poet, whose poems provide some info on Puritan
life and values. Boarded "Arabella".
John Winthrop: First governor of Puritan New
England.
City
Upon a Hill: Puritan New England
Separatist: Felt different from other puritans so formed
independent group with own ministers.
Pilgrims.
Plymouth
colony: 1620, small group of families
founded Plymouth Colony.
Massachusetts
Bay Colony: 1630, the colonist from
Arabella established MA Bay Colony. Port town of Boston became capital.
Puritans
were only one who could participate in gov't
Roger Williams: Nobody should be
punished for religious beliefs. Felt that every person should be free to worship according to his/her
conscience. Founded Rhode Island, Providence the capital. He guaranteed the separation of church, state
and religious freedom
Anne Hutchinson: Banished her
because she held bible readings in her
home. She felt that worshippers didn't
need the church/ ministers to interpret Bible for them. Banished her and family
in 1638. Went to Rhode Island then NY.
Pequot War: 1637, Pequot nation
decided to take a stand against the colonist. Colonist formed an alliance w/
Narragansett (Old enemies of Pequot). Near destruction of Pequot Nation. May
1637, 90 English colonist+ 100s of Nat. Am. allies surrounded Pequot Fort and
set it on fire, shooting Pequot men, women and children when they tried to
escape/ surrender.
King Philip's War: Wampanoag chief
Metacom, aka King Philips, didn't like that Nat. Am. had to toil for the
English to live and can't hunt/fish on
Sabbath day (Sunday). Last effort to wipe out the invaderes, organized his
tribe and several others into an alliance. 1675, hit and run tactics, Nat. Am.
attacked settlements throughout New England. Cont'd for over a
year. No
surplus of food, disease and heavy casualties wore down the resistance.
Henry
Hudson
New Netherlands: Dutch government
granted the newly formed Dutch West India Company permission to colonize New Netherlands
to expand thriving fur trade.
New Amsterdam: NYC, 1625 became
capital of colony. 1655, Dutch extended claims by taking over New Sweden, a
tiny colony of Swedish+ Finnish settlers that had established a rival fur trade
along the Delaware River.
William Penn's Holy Experiment: A place w/ no land
owning aristocracy. Guaranteed every adult male 50 acres of land and right to
vote. Representative Assembly and Freedom of Religion was granted.
Philadelphia, City of Brotherly Love.
Quakers
believed that God's inner light burned inside everyone. They held
service w/o formal ministers, allowing
anyone to speak as the spirit moved him/her. They dressed plainly and refused
to defer to persons of rank. Opposed War and Refused to serve in military. Quakers were harassed by Anglicans and
Puritans
Penn's
relationship with Indians: Asked Lenni Lenapi, or the Delaware to have a
friendly relationship. Ensured that colonist treated them fairly. Respected
Penn in return.
James Oglethrope: English
philanthropist received a charter for a colony they hoped could be a haven for
those imprisoned for debt. It is Georgia, after King George the II. Prohibited
drinking of rum and slavery.
George Calvert (Lord Baltimore): `1632, King Charles
granted a charter for land north of the Chesapeake Bay. It was named Maryland after Queen Henrietta
Maria, Charles' queen.
Foundation
of Maryland the Religious Toleration Act:
Mercantilism: Country's ultimate
goal was self sufficiency and that all countries were in a competition to
acquire the most gold and silver. Thus, concentrated on Trade.
Navigation Acts: 1651,
England's Parliament passed these acts
which restricted colonial trade. The
system benefited England and was good for most colonist too. Jobs were created
because of this.
Sir Edmund Andros: Veteran Military
Officer from an aristocratic family
appointed by King James II. Ended up making thousands of enemies.
Angered Puritans by questioning their religion. He was strict on Navigation
Acts and restricted local assemblies and levied taxes without any input from local leaders.
Dominion of New England: King James II's
attempt to make the colonial gov't more obedient, the Northern Territory, the
colonies from S. Maine to New Jersey became one vast colony, the Dominion of
New England
Glorious Revolution: King James was a
Roman Catholic and he had little respect for parliament and didn't realize that
his subject was more Protestantism and valued parliamentary right. Parliament
invited William of Orange, the husband of James's Protestant daughter Mary, to England. James
fled the country and 1689, England voted to give the throne to William and
Mary. After the colonies found out, Massachusetts colonist had a bloody
rebellion in which they arrested Andros and his royal helpers. Parliament
returned to the original status of the
colonies. They restored Massachusett's charter with that the king
was to appoint the governor of MA and required more religious
toleration. The Puritans were no longer able to persecute other groups.
Salutary Neglect was when England
relaxed its enforcements of most
regulations in return for economic loyalty of the colonies.
Cash Crops: One grown primarily
for sale rather than for farmer's own use by
specializing in raising a single plant.
Indentured Servitude: Most of
them were young, indebted men who
traded a life of prison or poverty for a limited term of servitude in North
Am.
How
slavery became entrenched in colonial economy:
Needed a labor source for their
property. The triangular trade of slaves, raw materials and processed
materials.
Stono Rebellion: Slave Revolt. 20
slaes gathered at the Stono River SW of Charles Town with guns and other
weapons killing several planter families and marched south, beating drums and
loudly inviting other slaves to join them to flee. Those slaves who were
captured was executed.
Salem Witch Trials: Started with Tituba,
the slave. She confessed and said that 9 people's name was in the devil's book.
Great Awakening: A religious revival
movement where it basically scared people back to church.
Jonathan Edwards: of Northampton,
Massachusetts, was part of the clergy and wanted to revive religion. He
preached that church audience was not just for salvation but that the people must acknowledge their sins and feel
god's love.
Know about European trade with the east before
the Age of Exploration
The need for both trade and exploration, know
about the nations that explored, that men that explored and claimed land for
their nations,
Prince Henry
the Navigator: Portugal developed and employed these
innovations. He was An armchair navigator, he established an up-to-date sailing
school.
____________________________________
Richard
Hakluyt: Author of Discourse of Western
Planting--Persuade the king to colonize
Europeans settled in America because Ottoman
Empire took control of Constantinople, a major trade city. Too expensive to get
stuff from Asia because more taxation.
