Turkish Revolution:
Shari'a: Islamic Law
Secular: Not connected with spiritual or religious matters
Shah: The Ruler of Persia
Zionism: Movement to make Palestine the home of the Jews
The events of WWI created an urgent need to create a Turkish Republic= The Multi Ethnicity of the Ottoman Empire + Rising sense of Nationality + Declining Economy +Declining Political Structure
Ottoman Empire Corrupted and the Sultan is ineffective
Ottoman Empire lost a lot of territory
Turks were the majority thus creating a state just for the Turks to embrace nationalism in place of the Ottoman Empire was necessary
Ataturk
Ataturk tried to modernize Turkey into a modern secular republic
Turkish Language is now written in the Roman Alphabet and shorn of many Arabic Elements
Education for the majority is establish
Aristocratic titles abolished (ie. Pasha and bey)
Oversaw establishment of light industrial sector that produces textile, glass, paper and cement
Modernized Agricultural Sectors
Established Training Institutions and Model Farms
Gave Women more freedom and inequality
1. Westernization
a. Replaced Islamic Law (Shari'a)
b. Adopted European-style law code (based on Swiss Model)
The Post War Experience of Turkey and Iran similar?
Both Turkey and Iran had freed themselves from another group.
(Turkey freed from Ottoman; Iran from Qajar Dynasty)
Had Militaristic Leaders
Turkey has Ataturk (Colonel Mustafa Kernal) a war hero of WWI
Iran has Reza Khan, an officer in the Persian Army
Both improved social and economic conditions... new machines to catch up with the rest of Europe
Balfour Declaration: a controversial disaster because 90% of the population was Islamic. Turn Palestine into a Jewish country although the majority of the people is Islamic. Zionism. Islamic Population Upset.
Indian Revolution:
Why did India fall to British Imperialism?
Corporate Imperialism (1650-1857)
-Deal with Mughal Princes for ports
-French eliminated after 7 year war (1758-1765)
-Demand more control over trade, taxes, when India rulers resist (Guns)
Gradual control- Princes-Official Ruler
India> Burma, Pakistan, Bangladesh>>>> IT'S ALL INDIA
But.... they have different languages, culture
They are against violence
Lack weapons and defense
Religious conflict
Easy Maritime Access
British already in India
Mughal Empire is falling apart
Caste System
Akbar the Great dies, with religious toleration falling apart...
Why was India important to Britain and the British East India Company?
-Growing importance to British crown due to Opium Trade
-Laws to prevent export of manufactured goods to England (18th C.)
-Laws to force Indians to buy only British goods-mercantilism (19th C.)
-Laws handling over land to big landlords for cash crops and tax revenue
-Forced to poverty
-Weaker, unable to work and think properly
-Territorial Conflict
-Forced to be tenants, small farmers kicked out
-Indian textile destroyed
-Exploitation of Resources-Benefits only the British though...
WORK IN PROGRESS...
Chinese Revolutions:
Japanese Revolution:
